सदस्य:Pulimaiyi/sandbox

Evolution of the term *dusgʷḿ̥s from Proto-Indo-European to Middle Indo-Aryan

• /dus.ɡʷḿ̩s/ ¹ --> /duz.ɡʷḿ̩s/ --> /duʒ.ɡɐ́s/ ² --> /duʐ.ɡɐ́s/ ³ --> /du˞.ɡɐ́s/ --> /duɾ.ɡɐ́s/ ⁴ --> /duɾ.ɡɐ́h/ --> /d̪uɾ.ɡɐ́h/ ⁵ --> /d̪u.ɡːo/ ⁶

Notes

• ¹ = Proto-Indo-European; ² = Proto-Indo-Iranian; ³ = Proto-Indo-Aryan; ⁴ = Early Vedic; ⁵ = Late Vedic; ⁶ = Middle-Indo-Aryan
• The terms are in the masculine nominative singular
• The Classical Sanskrit equivalent is /d̪uɽ.ɡɐ.ɦɐ̆/ and the Modern Sanskrit pronunciation is /d̪uɾ.ɡa.ɦa/ ~ /d̪uɾ.ɡə.ɦə/ (thus making it three syllables).
• Had the word made it to New Indo-Aryan (Hindi or Marathi), it would be */d̪uːɡ/ (a single syllable).

Pronunciation of पौंस्य

• Early Rigvedic: आईपीए^{(कुंजी)}: /pɑ́ːwn.sjɐ/
• Later Rigvedic: आईपीए^{(कुंजी)}: /pɑ̃́ːw.sjɐ/
• Yajurvedic: आईपीए^{(कुंजी)}: /pɑ́ːwɡ.sjɐ/
• Modern recitations आईपीए^{(कुंजी)}: /pɑwɡ.s̪jə/, /pɑwm.s̪jə/

From *kʷetwr̥th₂ós to cauthā

• /kʷe.twr̩.tχó/¹ --> /c̟ɐ.twr̩.tʰɐ́/² --> /t͡ɕɐ.t̪uɾ.t̪ʰɐ́/³ -> /t͡ɕɐ.t̪u.t̪ːʰɐ/⁴ -> /t͡ɕɐ.d̪u.t̪ːʰɐ/⁵ -> /t͡ɕɐ.u.t̪ːʰɐ/⁶ --> /t͡ɕəu.t̪ʰɑː/⁷ -> /t͡ʃɔː.t̪ʰɑː/⁸

• Notes
  • ¹ = Proto-Indo-European
  • ² = Proto-Aryan
  • ³ = Old Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)
  • ⁴ = Early Middle Indo-Aryan (Ashokan Prakrit)
  • ⁵ = Middle Middle Indo-Aryan (Shauraseni Prakrit)
  • ⁶ = Late Middle Indo-Aryan (Apabhramsha)
  • ⁷ = Early New Indo-Aryan (Old Hindi)
  • ⁸ = Modern New Indo-Aryan (Modern Hindi)

PIE *kʷetwr̥th₂ós to MIA caüṭṭha

• /kʷe.twr̩.tχó/ --> /c̟ɐ.twr̩.tʰɐ́/ --> /t͡ɕɐ.t̪uɾ.t̪ʰɐ́/ -> /t͡ɕɐ.t̪u.ʈːʰɐ/ -> /t͡ɕɐ.d̪u.ʈːʰɐ/ -> /t͡ɕɐ.u.ʈːʰɐ/

प्रपा to पौ

/pɾɐ.pɑ́ː/ --> /ˈpɾə.pɑː/ --> /pə.pɑː/ --> /pə.ʋɑː/ --> /pəʋ/ --> /pɔː/